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Guidelines for tiling

  • Last updated: 28 November 2018
  • Grant rate/tier: £60 (Tier 1)
  • Grant code: GET1766

Overview

The purpose of this standard is to provide the candidate with the basic knowledge of to fix tiles.
Find a course for this standard

CITB has developed this standard in discussion with industry

Duration

Minimum 3 learning hours

Purpose/scope

The purpose of this standard is to provide the candidate with the basic knowledge of to fix tiles.

The scope of this standard covers: 

  • walls and floor
  • show to check backgrounds (substrates)
  • how to fix using adhesives
  • how to fix using cement mortar
  • tolerances including: flatness, plumb, joints, and joint width
  • how to select and use grout
  • how to select and install movement joints
  • how to protect cement mortar
  • main legislation, codes of practice, guides, and standards

Occupational relevance

Training delivered against this standard is relevant to the following occupational group(s):

  • operative and craft
  • supervision

Candidate prerequisites

There are no candidate pre-requisites as part of this standard. However, a basic knowledge of tiling terminology and techniques would be beneficial.

Instruction/supervision

As a minimum, course instructors must be able to demonstrate that, in relation to this standard, they have:

  • A train the trainer or instructional techniques course certificate
  • Successfully completed training to this standard 
  • At least 2 years relevant industrial experience
  • A verifiable CV

Delivery

The following method(s) may be used in the delivery of this standard:

  • classroom and workshop
  • on site in a safe and supervised environment

All materials and equipment must be of a suitable quality and quantity for candidates to achieve learning outcomes and must comply with relevant legislation.

The class size and candidate/instructor ratio must allow training to be delivered in a safe manner and enable candidates to achieve the learning outcomes.

This standard is considered to contain 51 per cent or more theoretical training.

Assessment

For the successful completion of training, candidates must complete an end of course practical assessment or knowledge test that measures the learning outcomes and has a pass or fail criteria.

Quality assurance

Quality assurance against this standard will require initial approval of the training organisation and their content mapped to the standard. 

CITB will also conduct an approval intervention, either desk-based or centre visit, to ensure the training organisation can meet the requirements of the Training Standard. 

Approved training organisations (ATOs) will be required to present information on records of training and assessment upon request to CITB for desk-based analysis. They will also be visited annually by the CITB quality assurance team.

Renewal/refresher

There are no mandatory renewal or recommended refreshment requirements for this standard.

Approval date

November 2018

Review cycle

Either on request or in 3 years from approval date.

Learning outcomes

Select tiles for swimming pool linings including:

Learning outcomes

The candidate will be able to

Additional guidance to support learning outcome

Describe design considerations including:

  • safety, long-term performance of finishes, technical performance of a specialist facility, aesthetic performance, water retaining structure, and wet dry areas.

Tools and equipment

Samples

Suppliers/Manufacturer’s brochure

Manufacturer’s instructions

Video example of installation process

Videos of good and bad practice

Scenarios with photos to practice selection of: tiles, grouts, joints, and adhesives

SDS sheets for COSSH

Photos of good and bad

installations

Print or PDF (full/extract) of relative standards, codes, and guides

Describe structural aspects design including: 

  • pool tanks, surrounds, undercrofts, storage area, plant rooms, and ancillary areas (changing, shower, steam).

Select tiles for swimming pool surrounds and shower/wet changing areas including:

  • technical, aesthetic, maintenance, mosaics, tile sizes, and tile fittings.

Describe important points including:

  • general, linings, standards (FINA), markings, surrounds, shower areas, wet changing area floors, pool hall walls, changing room walls.

Select and use adhesives and grouts including:

  • selection, mains water quality, chemicals, balance index, cleaning chemicals, pool design, tile location, and specifications.

Beds and backings including direct fixing and indirect fixing including:

  • screed (type, thickness, jointing), thickness, preparation, materials, mix proportions, time between coats, protection, tolerances, curing /drying, movement joints, pool surround, rendering, and other substrates.

How to fix tiles including:

  • pool tank (direct fixing, screed/render, setting out, tile fixing, grouting, movement joints), pool surround (floors, walls, areas), and movement joints (sealant joints, joint formation, effects of chemicals and water, sealants, preparation, priming, mixing, protection).

Treat pool water including:

  • treatment, maintenance, chemicals, acidity/pH, filers, disinfectant, solids, flocculants, algaecides, water quality, calcium hardness, bicarbonate alkalinity levels, saturation index, balanced water index, and sulphate levels.

Describe curing and drying periods including:

  • standards, concrete shells, screeds/renders, tiling, grouting, sealant, pool filling.

Clean and maintain the pool

Work safely including:

  • follow safe work practices
  • identify hazards
  • reduce/eliminate risks
  • use controls
  • use PPE

Examples of:

  • PPE
  • SDS sheets for COSSH
  • risk assessments
  • safe work practices/procedures.

Comply with related legislation, codes of practice, and standards.

Safety legislation (H&SAWA, COSSH, PUWER, LOLER, Work at Height), HSE guidance, manufacturer’s documents, British/EN/ISO Standards, codes of practice, association guidance, building regulations, SDS sheets, company procedures, risk assessments, safe work procedures, environmental protection, and use of PPE.

Additional information about this standard

Other organisations have relevant information for this standard

Health & Safety Executive (HSE) guides

Legislation

View relevant government legislation

  • Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
  • Workplace (health, safety & welfare) regulations 1992 
  • The Work at Height Regulations 2005
  • Work at Height (Amended) 2007
  • Personal Protection Equipment Regulations 2002 (PPE)
  • Personal Protection Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPE)
  • Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (1998 UK 1999 NI) PUWER
  • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)
  • Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)
  • Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)
  • CDM Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015 CDM
  • Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996
  • Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 as amended 2002
  • Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005
  • Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005

Building regulations

  • Building and Buildings, England and Wales: The Building Regulations 2010.
  • The Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004
  • Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland

Approved documents (guidance for building regulations)

  • Resistance to the passage of sound: Approved Document E
  • Access to and use of buildings: Approved Document M

Building information modelling (BIM)

Work at Height Safety Association

  • The WAHSA Technical Guidance Notes are a free resource, provided and maintained by WAHSA and its members. A reference for: specifiers, managers, and end users of fall protection equipment.

BS-EN-ISO standards

Miscellaneous

  • BS EN 131- 1 to 7: Ladders. Terms, types, sizes, requirements, testing, marking, user instructions
  • BS 8000-0: 2014. Workmanship on construction sites. Introduction and general principles. Note that this standard partially replaces/supersedes BS 8000-1 to 16.
  • BS 6093: 2006+A1:2013. Design of joints and jointing in building construction. Guide.

Substrates and screeds

  • BS EN 636-3: 2003 Plywood. Specifications
  • BS 4483: 2005. Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete. Specification. 
  • BS 8204-1 to 7 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings: Codes of practice. Concrete, cementitious levelling, polymer, terrazzo, mastic asphalt, synthetic resin, pumpable self-smoothing screeds

Wall and floor tiling, design & installation, code of practice

  • BS 5385-1: 2018 Ceramic, natural stone and mosaic wall tiling in normal internal conditions
  • BS 5385-2: 2015 External ceramic, natural stone and mosaic wall tiling in normal conditions
  • BS 5385-3: 2014 Internal and external ceramic and mosaic floor tiling in normal conditions
  • BS 5385-4: 2015 Ceramic and mosaic tiling in specific conditions
  • BS 5385-5: 2009 Terrazzo, natural stone and agglomerated stone tile and slab flooring

Ceramic tile specifications

  • BS EN ISO 10545- 1 to 16: Specifications for ceramic tiles including: dimensions, surface quality, water absorption, porosity, relative density, bulk density, modulus of rupture and breaking strength, impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution, resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles, resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles, linear thermal expansion, resistance to thermal shock, moisture expansion, crazing resistance for glazed tiles, frost resistance, chemical resistance, resistance to stains, lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles, colour differences.
  • BS EN 14411: 2016 Definition, class’n, characteristics, assess, verify, performance, marking 
  • BS EN 14891: 2017 Liquid applied water impermeable products for use beneath ceramic tiling bonded with adhesives. Requirements, tests, assess, verify, performance, class, and marking

Stone products

  • BS EN 12057: 2015 Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements
  • BS EN 14157: 2017 Natural stone test methods. Determination of the abrasion resistance 
  • BS EN 14618: 2009 Agglomerated stone. Terminology and classification 
  • BS EN 15285: 2008. Agglomerated stone. Modular tiles for floor and stairs (internal and external). 
  • BS EN 14617- 1 to 16 Agglomerated stone. Test methods: flexural strength (bending), apparent density and water absorption, electrical resistivity, chemical resistance, thermal shock resistance, freeze and thaw resistance, dimensional stability, abrasion resistance, resistance to fixing (dowel hole), linear thermal expansion coefficient, compressive strength, dimensions, geometry, surface quality, and impact resistance

Terrazzo tiles

  • BS EN 13748- 1 & 2: 2004 Terrazzo tiles for internal use, and external use

Grouts and adhesives

  • BS ISO 14448: 2016 Low modulus adhesives for exterior tile finishing.
  • BS EN 12004- 1 & 2: 2017 Adhesives for ceramic tiles. Requirements, assessment, verification, performance, classification, marking, and testing
  • BS EN 12808- 1 to 5: Grouts for tiles. Determination of: chemical resistance of reaction resin mortars, resistance to abrasion, flexural and compressive strength, shrinkage, and water absorption
  • BS ISO 13007- 1 to 5: Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives. Terms, definitions, specifications for adhesives. Test methods for adhesives. Terms, definitions and specifications for grouts. Test methods for grouts. Requirements, tests, conformity, classification and designation of liquid-applied waterproofing membranes for use beneath adhesive-bonded ceramic tiling
  • BS EN 13888: 2009 Grout for tiles. Requirements, evaluation of conformity, class and designation

The Tile Association (TTA)

www.tiles.org.uk/services/technical-publications/ 

  • Adhesives and grouts in internal tiling for TTA members

Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA)

 www.ciria.org 

  • Safer surfaces to walk on - reducing the risk of slipping (C652) 

Health & Safety Executive (HSE) guides

www.hse.gov.uk

Legislation

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/

  • Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
  • Workplace (health, safety & welfare) regulations 1992
  • The Work at Height Regulations 2005
  • Work at Height (Amended) 2007
  • Personal Protection Equipment Regulations 2002 (PPE)
  • Personal Protection Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPE)
  • Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (1998 UK 1999 NI) PUWER
  • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)
  • Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)
  • Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)
  • CDM Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015 CDM
  • Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996
  • Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 as amended 2002
  • Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005
  • Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005

Building regulations

www.legislation.gov.uk

  • Building and Buildings, England and Wales: The Building Regulations 2010
  • The Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004
  • Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland

Approved documents (guidance for building regulations)

www.gov.uk/government/collections/approved-documents

  • Resistance to the passage of sound: Approved Document E
  • Access to and use of buildings: Approved Document M

Building information modelling (BIM)

www.thenbs.co.uk

  • A multi-volume subscription library of clauses covering building construction

Work at Height Safety Association

www.wahsa.org.uk/?s=technical+guidance

The WAHSA Technical Guidance Notes are a free resource, provided and maintained by WAHSA and its members. A reference for: specifiers, managers, and end users of fall protection equipment.

BS-EN-ISO standards

www.bsigroup.com

Miscellaneous

  • BS EN 131- 1 to 7: Ladders. Terms, types, sizes, requirements, testing, marking, user instructions
  • BS 8000-0: 2014. Workmanship on construction sites. Introduction and general principles. Note that this standard partially replaces/supersedes BS 8000-1 to 16.
  • BS 6093: 2006+A1:2013. Design of joints and jointing in building construction. Guide.

Substrates and screeds

BS EN 636-3: 2003 Plywood. Specifications

BS 4483: 2005. Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete. Specification.

BS 8204-1 to 7 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings: Codes of practice. Concrete, cementitious levelling, polymer, terrazzo, mastic asphalt, synthetic resin, pumpable self-smoothing screeds.

Wall and floor tiling, design installation, code of practice

  • BS 5385-1: 2018 Ceramic, natural stone and mosaic wall tiling in normal internal conditions
  • BS 5385-2: 2015 External ceramic, natural stone and mosaic wall tiling in normal conditions
  • BS 5385-3: 2014 Internal and external ceramic and mosaic floor tiling in normal conditions
  • BS 5385-4: 2015 Ceramic and mosaic tiling in specific conditions
  • BS 5385-5: 2009 Terrazzo, natural stone and agglomerated stone tile and slab flooring

Ceramic tile specifications

  • BS EN ISO 10545- 1 to 16: Specifications for ceramic tiles including: dimensions, surface quality, water absorption, porosity, relative density, bulk density, modulus of rupture and breaking strength, impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution, resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles, resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles, linear thermal expansion, resistance to thermal shock, moisture expansion, crazing resistance for glazed tiles, frost resistance, chemical resistance, resistance to stains, lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles, colour differences.
  • BS EN 14411: 2016 Definition, class’n, characteristics, assess, verify, performance, marking
  • BS EN 14891: 2017 Liquid applied water impermeable products for use beneath ceramic tiling bonded with adhesives. Requirements, tests, assess, verify, performance, class, and marking

Stone products

  • BS EN 12057: 2015 Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements
  • BS EN 14157: 2017 Natural stone test methods. Determination of the abrasion resistance
  • BS EN 14618: 2009 Agglomerated stone. Terminology and classification
  • BS EN 15285: 2008. Agglomerated stone. Modular tiles for floor and stairs (internal and external)
  • BS EN 14617- 1 to 16 Agglomerated stone. Test methods: flexural strength (bending), apparent density and water absorption, electrical resistivity, chemical resistance, thermal shock resistance, freeze and thaw resistance, dimensional stability, abrasion resistance, resistance to fixing (dowel hole), linear thermal expansion coefficient, compressive strength, dimensions, geometry, surface quality, and impact resistance

Terrazzo tiles

  • BS EN 13748- 1 & 2: 2004 Terrazzo tiles for internal use, and external use

Grouts and adhesives

  • BS ISO 14448: 2016 Low modulus adhesives for exterior tile finishing
  • BS EN 12004- 1 & 2: 2017 Adhesives for ceramic tiles. Requirements, assessment, verification, performance, classification, marking, and testing
  • BS EN 12808- 1 to 5: Grouts for tiles. Determination of: chemical resistance of reaction resin mortars, resistance to abrasion, flexural and compressive strength, shrinkage, and water absorption
  • BS ISO 13007- 1 to 5: Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives. Terms, definitions, specifications for adhesives. Test methods for adhesives. Terms, definitions and specifications for grouts. Test methods for grouts. Requirements, tests, conformity, classification and designation of liquid-applied waterproofing membranes for use beneath adhesive-bonded ceramic tiling
  • BS EN 13888: 2009 Grout for tiles. Requirements, evaluation of conformity, class and designation

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